More About Bait Systems
Baits work to control a colony locally, either by eliminating it or suppressing it to the point it no longer can damage any structures. To be successful, the baits need to be non-repellent, slow-acting, and readily consumed by termites. There are three major types of baits available:
1. Ingested Toxicants
2. Biotermiticides
3. Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)
Each type of bait has its own advantages and can be used differently in termite control programs. Ingested toxicants are typically the quickest to work, though dose dependency or learned avoidance may limit their effectiveness. Biotermicides are typically derived from fungi, bacteria, or nematodes and are injected directly into the area where the termites are. They then infect the foraging termites and will spread around the colony. Temperature and moisture, early detection, or learned avoidance may hinder the effectiveness of this type of bait.
As for Insect Growth Regulators, these products work to disrupt the termite's growth or block their molting process. IGRs are typically the slowest acting type of bait but usually have the best results.
Baits Available on the Market
Outpost™ Termite Bait Response (0.25% diflubenzuron) that is used in conjunction with the Outpost Termite Detection System (Bayer Corporation, Kansas City, MO; 1-800-331-2867; www.bayerprocentral.com/pest/products/view:outpost/). Diflubenzuron stops the termites' ability to molt, and it is highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates. It can be used in conjunction with a localized soil treatment or wood treatments to critical areas and sites with active termites.
Subterfuge™ Termite Bait (0.3% hydramethylnon) was recently marketed by BASF Corporation (Research Triangle Park, NC; 1-800-545-9525; www.spd.basf-corp.com/default.asp?page=pestpro/products/subterfuge). This is a slow-acting stomach poison that interferes with the termites' energy production. There is no published data on the efficacy of this product.
Ensystex, Inc.™ (0.25% diflubenzuron)(Fayetteville, NC, 1-888-398-3772; www.ensystex.com/). The active ingredient is a chitin synthesis inhibitor that kills termites by disrupting their molting process. It is labeled as Labyrinth termite bait.
First Line™ Termite Defense (0.01% sulfluramid), manufactured by FMC Corporation (Princeton, NJ; 1-800-321-1FMC; www.fmc-apgspec.com/). This product has been marketed since 1996, and it is labeled for use by PMPs for termite colony suppression. Its active ingredient is a slow-acting stomach toxicant that interferes with termite metabolic processes. The product is not currently a stand-alone product, although field trials are being conducted.
Sentricon Colony Elimination System™ (0.5% hexaflumuron), Dow AgroSciences LLC (Indianapolis, IN; 1-800-678-2388; www.sentricon.com/). This bait product was the first to be commercially introduced into the United States and has been marketed since 1995. It is labeled to achieve termite control without a supplementary soil treatment.